After a day-long discussion beyond schedule, COP30 concluded on Nov 22 evening with an agreement among 194 nations on measures to reduce emissions, as well as the development of country-specific strategies for adapting to climate change and decreasing fossil fuel consumption.

In his concluding remark, UN Climate Change Executive Secretary, Simon Stiell, highlighted the challenges faced, noting that denial, division, and geopolitical factors significantly hindered international cooperation during this year's COP30.

Stiell emphasized that despite these challenges, the collaboration on climate issues remained strong, underscoring humanity's commitment to securing a livable planet and striving to keep global temperature rises within the 1.5 degrees Celsius limit. He also pointed out that while there has been a noticeable retreat from one nation, the unity displayed by 194 countries reinforces their support for climate cooperation.

Stiell reaffirmed the pledge to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, citing the consensus among countries representing billions of individuals that the Paris Agreement is effective and committed to enhancing and expediting its implementation. He remarked on the progress evident in the new agreement concerning just transitions, indicating a commitment to building climate resilience and a sustainable economy that ensures fairness for every nation and individual.

The commitment to triple adaptation financing was also highlighted as an illustration of this commitment. Stiell further emphasized that the global shift toward low greenhouse gas emissions and climate resilience is an irreversible trend for the future, unanimously agreed upon by 194 nations due to the undeniable truth supported by increased investments in renewable energy.

At COP30, a plan was established under the Action Agenda to allocate one trillion dollars toward developing clean energy grids and protecting or restoring hundreds of millions of hectares of forest, land, and oceans, benefiting over 400 million individuals.

Stiell asserted that this COP has begun addressing fundamental everyday concerns such as food security, affordable energy, clean air access, and safety from natural disasters, acknowledging tangible steps taken, though not without imperfections or rapid progress.

The United Nations is committed to expediting the full implementation of national climate strategies and collectively working towards improvement through the Action Agenda. The Action Agenda aims to advance this acceleration despite the numerous adverse impacts of climate change, which include fueling fear and misinformation, raising prices, destabilizing economies, and putting communities under pressure. Stiell concluded the statement with this emphasis on the challenges posed by climate change.

Activists from various countries, including India, expressed their disappointment with the outcomes of the COP, highlighting the absence of commitments towards rational financing for climate change and the establishment of the Global Goal of Adaptation (GGA). Their statement conveyed a sense of a fragile compromise that lacks concrete action.